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The importance of statistical tests – statistical significance and confidence interval

When you start doing more serious research, you will need to conduct a statistical test. It helps you to determine whether your hypothesis is significant or can be rejected. If you start browsing for statistical analyses online, you will find a large number of possible test that can be chosen depending on your task. In this post, let us focus on a simple example of statistical analysis that would allow us to understand what is statistical significance and what is confidence interval. Building a test scenario To understand the matter lets use some random data which is distributed normally. For this, we can use 100 casual observations of the price tag for the new Nokia 3310 from different sources. The average price is around 50€ with a standard deviation of 10€ Now lets plot how those samples are distributed along with the standard distribution graph:

4 Reasons to Study STEM

The term STEM refers to an education that is focused on four specific areas. These areas of study are science, technology, engineering and mathematics. STEM education is supposed to help students uniquely learn these topics, focusing on interdisciplinary studies and applying the knowledge that has been learned. The interest in STEM has changed over time, but here are four reasons to study STEM. Job Opportunities When choosing a career, it is important to consider if there are jobs available in that particular field. In the case of the STEM subjects, this is not a worry. There are a wide variety of jobs available in these four fields. If a person is not interested in working in the STEM fields, specifically, the skills learned in STEM classes can be transferred to most other jobs. This includes skills like innovation and creativity, as well as other skills. Many jobs are STEM-related but are found in other fields.

How polarizers can remove surface reflections?

There is a simple method of using two perpendicular polarization films. The angle on which light should fall is called Bruster’s angle. This is an angle when incident polarized light is turned 90 degrees when it is reflected. The system of imaging looks as follows:

The Spectacular Self-Rebuild Technology Brings New Hope To Mankind!

The advent of technology had been brought many benefits to the human being. Let’s take an example. Before the World War II, it’s impossible to use the artificial limbs that can work as real flesh limbs! However, the things have rapidly changed, especially in the past few decades, where the brand new artificial limbs enabling the users to predict every movement. The impressive thing about the artificial limbs is these devices look like the real thing! Now, the emerging prosthetic technologies have given their words, that they will not only produce greater power and flexibility artificial human’s body parts, but they also promised to create pressure-sensitive artificial skin and limbs, which are boned to the body and controlled by the mind. To be honest, with the high-end technology, it’s possible to rebuild amputees to be faster and stronger than before. The next step of the researchers is to combine all the artificial flesh, bone and the nervous system into a high intelligent human-shaped android, like those that you seen in the film, such as A.I.! Frankly, this is maybe the most exciting moment in the human’s history. We can expect, in the near future, it would be a world between…

How the Synthetic Cells Are Used to Make Electronics

Today, we’re talking about the Synthetic cells. Before that, do you have any idea what is the definition of this word, “Synthetic”? For your information, synthetic is a new area of biological research, which is combines science and engineering to design/build novel biological function and systems. A Polish geneticist, Waclaw Szybalski, has introduced this technology in 1974! Professor Hagan Bayley at the University of Oxford and his working colleagues at the University of Massachusetts has made a step forwards in synthetic cells. They’ve successfully connected together multiple artificial “protocells”. According to Bayley, a network of artificial cells that work together to act as an AC/DC converter has been created by Bayley’s team. In addition, they’ve demonstrating several times that synthetic cells can team up to achieve certain feats is a big success in building synthetic tissues to interface biology with electronics. During the experiments, they’ve proved that they can reprogram living cells to make them produce drug compounds. Furthermore, it’s also possible to build cells from scratch to create artificial life form too! Bayley explained, when two protocells are stick together, the membrances around them are starting to fuse on contact to form a double-thickness boundary membrane. As a result,…

The Bright Future of Lightbulb Molecule

People are becoming more concern to the global warming matter, as the scientists have been given out warning that when the entire icebergs in Arctic had totally melt down, then the sea level will rise up to 7 meter high permanently! In order to slow down the icebergs’ melting speed, many inventors have been tried to invent the green yet environmental friendly products. Well, you’ve probably heard your neighbors or friends said, where they’ve already changed their house lighting system, from the compact fluorescent lights to the energy-efficient LEDs lights! The LEDs, especially the organic LEDs, are becoming increasingly popular in these days. For your information, the organic LEDs are mostly thin films made from organic polymers. It can be easily coated onto large areas at a very low cost. Soo-Young Park, from Seoul National University, South Korea and his colleagues at the University of Valencia, Spain has built a molecule, which is able to behave like two separate light-producing molecules. “It produces orange and blue light, when it stimulated with a voltage. The mix of orange and blue light will turn into white,” said Park. This means, with this technology, it allows the manufacturers to create white emission in…

Inflatable Towers – The New Frontier for Reaching the Edge of Space!

In the past, it is totally a myth, when someone said he/she could climb high up to the edge of space without needing to ride on a rocket! Well, thanks to the advent technology, the myth is soon becoming a reality… A research team from York University in Toronto, Canada is under testing the GIANT inflatable tower. According to the earlier testimonial, if the inflatable tower is built from a suitable mountain top, it could reach an altitude of around 20 kilometers. Hence, it would be available for the atmospheric research, communication, tourism or even launching spacecrafts from the base! Here’s the idea of the research team: The inflatable tower is construct from Kevlar-polyethylene composite tubes, and it will be inflated with a lightweight gas, such as helium or hydrogen. They have carried out the test, where they built a 7-meter scale model made up of six modules. Each of the modules was built out of three laminated polyethylene tubes (It measures 8 centimeters in diameter) mounted around circular spacers and inflated with helium/hydrogen air! With the inflatable towers, it allows the countries to saving up many expenses on rocket launches. So, let’s cross our fingers and waiting for the…

Magnetic Super-atoms – Will it Make Any Difference?

Guys, do you still remember that the science teacher talking about the structure of atoms in the science classes? Well, some of you might be bored about it, but some of them are interested with this stuff! No matter you love or hate science, you’re going to love this great discovery from a team of Virginia Commonwealth University scientists. According to the latest research, they’ve found a ‘magnetic super-atoms’. It is a stable cluster of atoms, which can mimic different elements of the periodic table. The scientists mentioned in the report that the newly discovered cluster consisting of one vanadium and eight cesium atoms. It acts like a tiny magnet and have the ability to mimic a single manganese atom in magnetic strength. Shiv N. Khanna, Ph.D, professor in the VCU Department of Physics described that the new cluster had a magnetic moment of five Bohr magnetons, where is more than twice the value for an iron atom in a solid iron magnet did! He also said that in one day, the magnetic super-atoms might be used to create molecular electronic devices, especially for building the faster and stronger ‘Super computers’ that consist larger memory storage! [sciencedaily]

Multiferroics: The Unique Combination of Electric and Magnetic!

The advent in technology field has been created many miracles, which it seems hard to be achieved in the past. By the way, have you ever heard about this stuff, “Multiferroics” before? No matter you’re hearing it for the very first time, or you’ve been involved with it, you got nothing to lose to know it better here, isn’t it? For your information, multiferroics are the unique combinations of electric and magnetic properties, where can constantly coexist. They are potential cornerstones in future magnetic data storage and spintronic devices. It provides a simple yet faster way to turn their electric and magnetic properties on and off simultaneously. Ramamoorthy Ramesh, one of the renowned professors in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Department of Physics at UC Berkeley have successfully demonstrated that by just using a simple electric fields, we are able to create, erase or even invert p-n junctions in a calcium-doped bismuth ferrite film! He claimed that the next generation of computers is going to be smaller, faster and more versatile than today’s devices. It can be easily achieved, especially if the manufacturers applying the multiferroics method into the computer field! [sciencedaily]

New Broadband Cloaking Technology

Vladimir Shalaev, Robert Burnett and Anne Burnett are the amazing trio from Purdue University who created a new type of invisibility cloak. It claimed much simpler than previous design and works for all colors of the visible spectrum, which making it possible to cloak larger objects than before. According to Shalaev, the new broadband design is a simpler device that based on a “tapered optical waveguide”. By the way, waveguide is representing established technology, including fiber optics that being used in communications and other commercial applications. Since the new technology enabled the researchers increase the cloaked are of broadband, thus it offers a brighter hope of cloaking larger objects in the near future! Shalaev and the research group promised that there would be a more advent broadband cloaking technology before the end of this year. So, let’s crossed our fingers and wait for the good news. [sciencedaily]

Category: Science